Thanks to the discovery of Denisova cave Altai roared to the whole world, scientists said they found the remains in the area Soloneshenskom women ( during excavations in 2008, archaeologists discovered a fossilized Novosibirsk phalanx of a finger, which is more than 30 000 years ) belong to a still unknown type of human science. Paleontologists have called her ' a woman X'.
Altai Territory. Denisova cave.
In the Altai discovered a new type of human.
Found in the Altai ' Woman X' - is really a sensation.
Questions of ' the truth of the Altai ' said Michael Shunkov, doctor of historical sciences, head of excavations at Denisova Cave, Deputy Director for Scientific Affairs of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of SB RAS.
In the last issue of ' AP ' published a report that thanks to the discovery of Denisova cave Altai roared to the world: scientists declared that found in the remains of a woman Soloneshenskom area ( during excavations in 2008, archaeologists discovered a fossilized Novosibirsk phalanx of a finger, which is more than 30 . Paleontologists have called her ' a woman X'. To learn more, we phoned Novosibirsk scientist who was at the forefront of research in Denisova Cave.
- Mikhail, now the whole world is talking about ' a woman X'. It is called the discovery of the century....
- I - do not advocate loud epithets. But the discovery that is made in the Altai, the sensation is really. It is in line with the finding in Indonesia on the island of Flores (where in 2003 found the remains of an unknown type of human science, named Homo floresiensis, or ' hobbit ' - due to the low growth). ' Woman X' - this is one more proof is not single, and the multifaceted process of human evolution.
- You can read more about it?.
- There are two points of view on the formation of the modern human physical and genetic type, that is, Homo sapiens. Some scientists believe that it was formed 150 - 200 000 years ago in Africa and 80-60 thousand years ago, he began moving on the world. Another hypothesis - a modern man could occur not only in Africa but also in Eurasia. It is possible that where settled first native of Africa, could simultaneously be a process of forming another man, also a modern type. Altai - a unique place for research. For example, the Denisova Cave - a kind of ' layer cake ', which represents over twenty cultural layers of different epochs of human development.
- Who and how I found this ' sensational finger '?.
- Archaeology - very hard work. In the Denisova cave, we regularly conduct excavations in 1983. In the field season (June to September), come and academics, students and schoolchildren. Every pebble, every grain of sand almost, we describe, we start at her passport, packed in a separate package. Who found this phalanx of thumb - hard to say, most likely, it was our student of the Novosibirsk. The fact that this bone, which has more than 30 000 years - a very small, like a black small stone. And only a few months later, when the material out of the cave began to study laboratory, realized - the remains of ancient man.
- You anticipate a sensation?.
- When sending a phalanx of DNA to Germany, we expect that the result will be an extraordinary. For several years we have worked in the Altai and imagined the overall picture of the coexistence of at least two species - the physical appearance of modern humans and Neanderthals. But we fully admit that there could live any more migrants from other areas who also left their mark. The fact that this is a special, new kind of - for us, of course, joyful discovery. We are pleased that this study provides a new perspective on ancient processes that occur not only in the Altai, but around the world.
- In Germany, the result was obtained by DNA, but the study did not stop the finger?.
- I want to clarify: while our German colleagues have done just the mitochondrial DNA analysis. The next step - a nuclear ( more complete ), which will give more information. We can talk about the exact date of birth 'Women X', and about who were her ancestors.
- Tell me, except the thumb in the Denisova cave found more human remains?.
- Several years ago we found two surviving human teeth, now they too are in the research. But I want to clarify: every archaeological expertise - this is a very long process that can take several years.
- After a sensational opening schedule in the Denisova cave certainly become more dense?.
- No, this year we have also, as usual, quietly and without fuss begin Archaeological Field Season. Our goal - do not dig everything and probably someone out there to dig. We would like to save a wonderful monument of archeology and to unravel its mysteries. You are correct only in the fact that now the flow of tourists into the cave is just a mass. We, the archaeologists have already mentally prepared for this.
- Maybe, after this discovery one of foreign scholars to come into our cave?.
- It is not possible. Denisova Cave has always attracted people. Several years ago we worked on the excavation of the famous Nobel Prize winner Zhores Ivanovich Alferov. He stayed in a cave for three weeks and, if not an urgent call the president, would have stayed until the end of the field season.
Denisova cave.
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